Mark Biondi is a dedicated advocate for sustainability, climate restoration, and social impact. With a background in nonprofit leadership, philanthropy, and strategic partnerships, Mark has worked extensively to bridge the gap between mission-driven organizations and the resources they need to create meaningful change. His expertise lies in fostering cross-sector collaborations, engaging communities, and driving fundraising efforts to support environmental and humanitarian initiatives.
Mark has held leadership roles in development and communications, helping nonprofits expand their reach, secure funding, and enhance their impact. His passion for climate restoration stems from a deep commitment to leaving a healthier planet for future generations. By leveraging his experience in advocacy, fundraising, and stakeholder engagement, Mark aims to accelerate solutions that restore our planet’s ecosystems and promote long-term sustainability. Mark has spent the past 2.5 years mobilizing crews through the Carbon Crew Project encouraging hundreds of students and adults to create Personal Climate Action Plans.
Dear Friends!
Climate restoration is not just a challenge—it’s an opportunity to create a thriving future for our planet and future generations. I invite you to join me in this critical mission to restore our climate, support innovative solutions, and take action that leads to tangible change.
Whether you’re an individual, organization, or business, your involvement can make a lasting impact. Let’s connect and work together toward a sustainable and restored climate!
At Climate Restoration, we believe Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) is one of the most promising biotic strategies. The McKinsey article provides independent validation across several dimensions: scale, urgency, complementarity, and risk management. Below, we unpack how those align with our mission.
1. Oceans Must Be Part of the Carbon Removal Portfolio
McKinsey notes that ocean CDR could become a central component of long-term carbon removal strategies and emphasizes that nearly all ocean-based approaches have gigaton-scale potential.
This matches our foundational premise: no matter how deeply we cut emissions, we can’t reach safe atmospheric CO₂ levels without actively enhancing nature’s capacity to absorb carbon. The ocean — covering 70 % of Earth’s surface — is the logical frontier for that effort.
2. OIF is Recognized as a Key Biotic Pathway
Among the multiple CDR approaches McKinsey reviews, open-ocean microalgae fertilization (i.e. OIF) features prominently. They group it with other “biotic / ecosystem approaches” such as coastal restoration and algae cultivation.
By including OIF alongside more established paths, McKinsey implicitly endorses its legitimacy and potential. That helps counter the narrative that OIF is speculative or fringe.
McKinsey’s analysis highlights attributes that strengthen OIF’s case:
Gigaton potential: “Nearly all ocean CDR solutions have the potential to reach gigaton scale.”
High efficiency: Ocean methods can be more efficient in cost, energy, material, and land use compared to some non-ocean CDRs.
High compatibility: “Most ocean-based solutions do not compete with other uses for scarce land, such as agriculture, and are typically compatible with other ocean uses, such as fisheries.”
These strengths are exactly what we bank on in designing scalable, low-footprint OIF interventions.
4. Risk & Uncertainty: The Caution That Reinforces Our Approach
McKinsey is careful to state that “the ocean’s scale also creates complexity” and that many ocean CDR methods are still at an early stage. They warn of “unforeseen risks due to uncertain causal pathways” and emphasize that “fundamental scientific questions must be answered, new regulatory frameworks need to be established.”
That caution aligns precisely with how we position our work: rigorous, phased deployment, transparent monitoring, and governance‑first design. The fact that a leading consultancy calls out these same risks gives credence to our cautious, science-based stance.
5. Urgency & Timing = Strategic Window
McKinsey warns that unless multiple stakeholders take action today, prohibitive costs and false starts could derail one of the largest-ever climate restoration opportunities.
They also argue for the establishment of a foundational ocean CDR ecosystem over the next decade. That sense of urgency dovetails with our roadmap: early field trials, MRV innovation, regulatory engagement, and stakeholder alignment—all ahead of full-scale deployment.
6. How This Supports Our OIF Strategy
Bringing it all together, here’s how the McKinsey report substantiates our OIF narrative:
It confirms that ocean-based removal is seen as strategically essential, not experimental.
It situates OIF alongside other viable biotic approaches, giving it broader legitimacy.
It reinforces the advantages we emphasize: scale, efficiency, non-competition, and co-benefits.
It underscores the critical need for risk-aware, science-led development, which is baked into our methodology.
It presses the urgency of acting now while the research window is open — a window we intend to seize.
Final Thought
In short: McKinsey doesn’t merely tolerate OIF — it frames ocean-based carbon removal as a vital, plausible pillar of the climate solution mix.
That bolsters our messaging, strengthens our credibility with funders and partners, and sharpens our strategic priorities.
OUR PLAN TO END GLOBAL WARMING BY 2050
by restoring the climate to safe, pre-industrial levels.
For decades, humanity has fought to slow global warming — but slowing is not enough. Even if we reach net zero tomorrow, the carbon already in our atmosphere will continue to heat the planet for centuries. The only path to a safe, livable future is climate restoration — returning CO2 levels to pre-industrial safety, below 300 ppm.
The Discovery
Nature has already shown us the way. After the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, scientists observed an extraordinary cooling effect — not only from volcanic particles in the air, but from a massive ocean bloom triggered by iron-rich ash. That bloom absorbed billions of tons of CO₂. This revealed a simple truth: Iron is the nutrient that unlocks the ocean’s natural carbon-removal engine.
The Solution
Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) works by restoring the ocean’s missing iron, stimulating the growth of phytoplankton — microscopic plants that capture CO₂ and are carried by downwelling ocean eddies into the deep sea as they die and sink. Each gram of iron can remove hundreds of thousands of grams of CO₂, making OIF the most scalable and cost-effective carbon removal method ever discovered.
At full scale, a coordinated fleet of 25 ships operating across 50 sites can remove up to 60 gigatons of CO₂ annually — enough to reverse global warming and restore the climate by 2050.
The Plan
We have already begun. The first buoy tests off California are validating measurement systems and establishing global scientific oversight. The next phase — larger-scale pilot projects — will prove impact and safety. The final step is global deployment, governed transparently and measured rigorously.
Our Roadmap
* 2026–2027: Demonstration and validation — pilot projects.
* 2028–2030: Scale-up phase — 50 sites, 25 ships, and 500,000 tons of iron deployed annually for ocean restoration.
* 2031–2050: Full-scale operation — achieving 60 gigatons of CO₂ removal per year and complete climate restoration.
A detailed roadmap to scale OIF by 2030 will be developed in the first half of 2026.
The Cost
Restoring the climate is a clear and achievable goal. It will require about $1 billion per year, totaling $25 billion over 25 years — less than one cent per U.S. citizen per day. Compared to the trillions already lost to climate damage, this is the most cost-effective investment humanity can make.
What We Need to Begin
We require $10-25 million for 2026–2027 to conduct a series of pilot tests that will validate the equipment, data collection, analysis, and underlying science — establishing the foundation for global deployment. During this period, we will also set up the logistical and operational platform needed for rapid scale-up as soon as OIF is proven mature and ready.
Your financial support will accelerate the transition from pilot to global scale — enabling the first gigaton of CO₂ removal from our oceans within just a few years.
Climate restoration is no longer a dream. It’s an engineering and funding challenge — one we can solve together.
Join us. Let’s restore the climate for our children and for all future generations.
Join us on Oct 22 for a Climate Restoration Community Update
At this event, we’ll present our long-term roadmap for building the Climate Restoration Industry at full scale. You’ll hear how our recent breakthroughs are opening new doors, and how each of you—our dedicated community—can play a vital role in making this vision a reality.
Why It Matters
We are the first generation to feel the full impact of the climate crisis — and the last that can still fix it. This is not just about technology; it’s about responsibility to future generations.
Watch this Message from Future Generations
This plan is more than a vision; it’s a pathway to healing the Earth and ensuring a thriving, flourishing future for millennia to come.
Our Main Climate Restoration Pathway: Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF)
Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) is one of the most promising tools we have for removing CO2 at the scale needed to restore the climate. By adding small amounts of iron to the ocean, we can stimulate phytoplankton blooms that absorb CO2, just like during past ice ages when nature lowered CO2 by over 100 ppm this way.
Additional Climate Restoration Pathways
Beyond CO₂ removal, our bamboo, seaweed, and biochar initiatives generate jobs, food security, and energy independence — driving community resilience and the stability needed to restore the climate.
Recap of our Oct 8 Inaugural Gathering of the Climate Restoration Founders
Oct 8 Inaugural Gathering of the Climate Restoration Founders – Full Recording
Support The Grandparents Fund for Climate Restoration through a Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD)
The Climate Restoration movement is a global effort to restore a safe and healthy climate for future generations. It brings together scientists, innovators, philanthropists, and communities to implement large-scale solutions that remove greenhouse gases, restore ecosystems, and build a flourishing future for humanity.
At the heart of this effort is The Grandparents Fund for Climate Restoration (GCRF) — a registered 501(c)(3) public charity (EIN: 93-2872908) dedicated to funding and accelerating projects that make climate restoration possible.
If you’re 70½ or older, you can donate up to $100,000 each year directly from your IRA to a qualified charity — without paying income tax on the distribution.
This giving option, known as a Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD), allows your gift to go further by reducing your taxable income while supporting causes you care about — like restoring a safe and livable climate for future generations.
Making a QCD to GCRF is a powerful and tax-efficient way to create impact today — and leave a legacy for generations to come.
Important: GCRF does not provide tax or legal advice. Please consult your tax or financial advisor to determine how a Qualified Charitable Distribution may apply to your individual situation.
If you have any questions or would like to make a QCD gift to GCRF, please contact us at donate@climaterestorationalliance.org or through our contact page.
Together, we can help restore the climate — one meaningful gift at a time.
The Grandparents Fund for Climate Restoration (GCRF) is proud to announce the successful Phase 1 completion and transfer of the Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) Buoy Project, an innovative ocean-based CO measurement initiative, to DeepGreen Solutions. Based on this agreement, DeepGreen Solutions will assume full responsibility for advancing the project and scaling its impact.
Launched by GCRF in 2024, the buoy project represents a breakthrough in the effort to measure and verify ocean-based carbon removal. Deployed off the California coast, the buoys demonstrated the collection of critical real-world data on CO, absorption, forming a foundational step toward scalable, science-based ocean climate solutions.
This milestone marks one of the first steps in scaling up the Climate Restoration Industry, which is a fast-emerging sector focused on restoring atmospheric CO2 levels to pre-industrial concentrations (300 ppm) through large-scale carbon removal. The Climate Restoration Industry brings together science, innovation, funding, and global coordination to implement solutions at the scale required to secure a livable planet.
Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) is the most promising pathway to climate restoration due to its potential to remove tens of gigatons of CO2 annually. By enhancing natural phytoplankton growth in targeted ocean regions, OIF accelerates carbon capture and sequestration in the deep ocean.
By handing over responsibility for the specific implementation of OIF to DeepGreen, GCRF will now be able to focus more fully on the big picture-scaling up the industry as a whole and creating the enabling conditions that will allow OlF and other climate solutions to scale quickly and safely.
This big-picture focus includes the introduction and scale-up of additional Climate Restoration pathways such as seaweed cultivation, bamboo reforestation, and biochar production, with a growing emphasis on building resilience within frontline communities. It also encompasses the
development of the for-profit segment of the Climate Restoration movement, to be led by the Climate Restoration Venture Studio (in formation). If you are interested in investing in climate restoration, contact GCRF CEO, llan Mandel at ilan@climaterestorationalliance.org or +1-310-400-0265.
The Climate Restoration Alliance (CRA) and GCRF will continue to actively develop, support, and fund complementary projects and technologies to advance the OlF industry as a critical segment of the broader climate restoration movement. GCRF remains committed to this effort and is currently fundraising to support future OlF development phases, including expanded monitoring, safety protocols, pilot projects, ocean health monitoring and, and international
collaborations.
Thanh Huynh, CEO of DeepGreen Solutions, said: “We’re honored to continue this work. DeepGreen is fully committed to scaling Ocean Iron Fertilization as a viable and ethical solution to the climate crisis. This work accelerates our shared mission, and we deeply appreciate the vision, dedication, and foundational work of GCRF and its donors, whose contributions have made this transition—and the next chapter—possible.”
In recognition of the progress made, GCRF expresses deep gratitude to its volunteers and donors who made the buoy project possible. Their dedication brought a bold idea to life and helped shift the global conversation toward measurable ocean-based carbon removal.
Ilan Mandel, CEO of GCRF, concluded: “This collaboration shows what’s possible when vision, science, and community come together. We’re proud to pass the torch and remain closely engaged in the journey ahead. With this transition, GCRF can now expand its focus to fund additional projects and programs that collectively restore the climate.”
About the Grandparents Fund for Climate Restoration (GCRF)
GCRF, the philanthropic arm of the Climate Restoration Alliance, is a 501(c)3 charitable organization dedicated to restoring a safe and healthy climate by supporting scientifically grounded, scalable carbon removal projects. Rooted in intergenerational responsibility, GCRF mobilizes philanthropic capital to accelerate breakthrough solutions.
About the Climate Restoration Alliance (CRA)
CRA is building the Climate Restoration Industry to return atmospheric CO2 to pre-industrial levels by 2050. It connects funders, scientists, and implementers to rapidly scale proven carbon removal solutions.
About DeepGreen Solutions
DeepGreen Solutions is a nonprofit organization committed to restoring pre-industrial CO, levels by mid-century. It leads science-driven efforts to scale ocean-based carbon removal through ocean iron fertilization and other nature-aligned technologies.
Bamboo, Biodiversity, and the Monoculture Question: Why Our Project in Togo Is Different
Bamboo has earned a reputation as one of the most sustainable plants on Earth. Its rapid growth, ability to regenerate after harvesting, and potential to restore degraded land make it a powerful tool for climate restoration and rural development. Yet, some articles and commentators raise concerns about the risks of bamboo monoculture—large-scale cultivation of a single species.
While these concerns may be valid in certain contexts, they do not apply to our project in Togo. Here’s why.
Not Forest Clearing – But Land Restoration
Bamboo plantations in Asia have sometimes been criticized for replacing natural forests. That is not the case in Togo. Our planting sites are not forests at all—they are former agricultural lands, often partially cultivated or simply unused due to the limited capacity of local communities to farm them effectively. By introducing bamboo, we are not destroying ecosystems; we are bringing underutilized land back into productive use in a sustainable way.
Natural Soil Enrichment
One of bamboo’s unique features is its constant cycle of leaf fall. These fallen leaves naturally enrich the soil with organic matter and nutrients, rebuilding fertility over time. In addition, we will produce **biochar** from bamboo residues and organic waste, which will be added back into the soil to further increase fertility, improve water retention, and store carbon for the long term. Rather than depleting the soil, bamboo cultivation improves it—creating the foundation for healthier ecosystems in the long run.
No Pesticides Needed
Unlike many monoculture crops, bamboo does not require chemical pesticides. It is naturally resilient, and our cultivation methods ensure that we grow bamboo without harmful inputs. This aligns with our commitment to sustainable, chemical-free agriculture.
Preserving Large Trees and Biodiversity
Within our bamboo plots, we are committed to preserving mature trees. These trees provide habitats for birds and other wildlife, helping to maintain biodiversity within and around the plantations. Bamboo does not prevent coexistence with trees—in fact, it complements them.
Weed Suppression Through Canopy, Not Chemicals
Another ecological benefit of bamboo is its ability to suppress weeds naturally. This does not come from its root structure, but from the dense shade its canopy provides, which limits sunlight reaching the ground. As a result, weeds struggle to grow, reducing the need for herbicides.
Food Production in Early Years
During the first two to three years, while bamboo plants are still small, local farmers will be able to grow food crops among the young shoots. This provides immediate food security and income until the bamboo matures.
Agroforestry and Intercropping
Our program includes agroforestry and intercropping practices. In the first two to three years, while bamboo plants are still small, local farmers will be able to grow food crops such as vegetables among the young shoots. Once the bamboo matures, intercropping will continue mainly with large trees (such as fruit or shade trees) alongside the bamboo. This phased approach reduces pest risks, diversifies farmer income, and preserves biodiversity over the long term.
Responsible Land Management
We will apply biochar from organic bamboo residues to the soil, returning carbon and organic matter, supporting microorganisms, and preventing soil degradation.
Biodiversity Corridors
We will establish green buffer zones with native vegetation, allowing beneficial insects, birds, and wildlife to thrive alongside bamboo plantations.
Long-Term Vision
The Togo project sees bamboo not as a monoculture, but as the economic and ecological backbone of a diverse system: renewable energy, panel and furniture products, local agriculture, and water solutions.
A Responsible Model for Africa
Our approach in Togo shows that bamboo monoculture does not have to mean ecological harm. With careful land selection, soil-enriching practices, zero pesticide use, preservation of existing trees, production of biochar, interim food production, intercropping, and biodiversity corridors, bamboo cultivation can be a force for regeneration rather than degradation.
Bamboo has the potential to transform underutilized landscapes, provide livelihoods, and contribute to climate restoration. Fundamentally, our project is designed as a solution for climate restoration and ecosystem recovery, with economic benefits considered a secondary priority. Maximizing economic gains is important, but our guiding principle is to place ecological and climate goals first.
But as with any crop, the outcome depends on how it is grown. Our project in Togo is designed not just to avoid the mistakes made elsewhere, but to set a new global standard for responsible bamboo cultivation.
Togo’s people, land, and ecosystems are under urgent and mounting pressure from climate extremes and environmental decline. More than half the population lives in rural areas, and nearly one in three depends on rain-fed farming.
Breaking Rhythms of Rain and Soil Fertility
Survival is tied to the rhythms of rain and soil fertility, yet those rhythms are breaking down at a visible pace. Since 1991, average surface temperatures have risen by up to 0.34°C per decade. In the northern savannahs, projections show a 1.4°C increase by the 2040s.
Rising Floods, Droughts, and Food Insecurity
Floods and droughts now dictate the planting calendar. At least fifteen major floods have struck since 1971, while dry spells wipe out harvests before the next rains arrive. In 2023 alone, half a million people, a staggering 8% of the country, fell into severe food insecurity. For rural households, that number often rises above one-third when climate shocks hit. Women carry the biggest burden, owning less than 10% of land while performing five times more unpaid labor than men.
Land and Ecosystem Degradation
The land is crumbling beneath them. Forests vanish at nearly 3% each year, leaving less than a quarter of the country forested. Fertile topsoil is stripped away by wind and water. In the Plateaux and Kara regions, nutrients are so depleted that crop yields collapse even with increased fertilizer. Coastal villages along Togo’s 56 kilometers of shoreline are watching the ocean take their homes and fields, and economists warn that sea-level rise could shrink national income by 12% per capita by mid-century. Less than a tenth of farmland is irrigated, leaving over 70% of smallholders entirely at the mercy of erratic rainfall. These pressures are unraveling the local ecosystems, undermining livelihoods, and pushing underserved communities to the edge.
Introducing the Togo Bamboo Project
At The Grandparents Fund for Climate Restoration, we have developed a large and ambitious Togo Bamboo Project to change that story. Bamboo grows fast, sends roots deep into the soil, restores water balance, and reduces erosion. It captures up to 50 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare each year in the right conditions, outperforming most tree species. Studies in comparable ecosystems show that highland bamboo can store more than 52 megagrams of carbon per hectare in dry biomass, which is a clear demonstration of its potential as a carbon sink. Unlike trees that require decades before harvest, bamboo renews itself year after year, creating a steady income without clearing land.
Furthermore, it restores ecosystems while supporting new rural economies built on construction materials, weaving, biochar, renewable energy, durable furniture, and verified carbon credits.
Our project will establish Togo’s largest bamboo restoration zones, with over 10,000 hectares to be restored with the full participation of communities and civil society partners. Furthermore, we will empower local cooperatives and farmers to manage planting and harvesting, while we will empower women and young people with extensive training, leadership, and local governance. The project will also develop market value chains that allow households to earn a living from bamboo products while feeding verified carbon credits into global markets. The generated finance will flow directly back into land stewardship and community development.
Step-by-Step Implementation Plan
We have a clearly outlined step-by-step project plan. In the first phase, we will obtain land access validation and security across over 12 municipalities in the Savanes region, covering 10,000 hectares of degraded and underutilized land. This process is already in progress, beginning with a successful scoping visit in August 2025 (see this official news article and the official media report from Togo below).
Phase One: Land Access and Feasibility Studies
During this visit, we kicked it off with community consultations, started our feasibility study, and conducted initial environmental and operational assessments to protect ecological health and gain social support.
Nurseries, Planting, and Infrastructure Development
We will establish nurseries in the first year of the project to propagate millions of bamboo seedlings, while trained local propagation teams will carry out planting and maintenance. Infrastructure development will include access roads, water harvesting and irrigation systems, and processing units for biochar and bamboo products. We will begin the carbon credit certification in parallel, with international MRV standards applied to track sequestration.
Carbon Credit Certification, MRV Systems & SPS-compliant
In later phases, value-addition facilities will support renewable energy generation, biochar production, and the creation of SPS-compliant (SPS = Sanitary and Phytosanitary) bamboo-based materials and furniture for local and export markets. These steps will create thousands of jobs, build small businesses, and provide direct training to farmers, especially women and young people, in sustainable cultivation and governance.
Economic Potential and Revenue Streams
The economic potential is equally compelling. Conservative estimates suggest the project could earn over $100 million annually from four main revenue sources: bamboo biomass & products, biochar, renewable energy, and high-value carbon credits. The environmental impact will be transformative.
Environmental Impact and Climate Benefits
Over its lifespan, the project will sequester millions of tons of CO₂, restore biodiversity across degraded savannah ecosystems, and re-establish natural water cycles.
Circular Economy and Biochar Solutions
The introduction of biochar into the soil will improve fertility, reduce water demand by up to 50%, and maximize climate resilience. A circular economy model ensures that bamboo byproducts are converted into renewable electricity and soil-improving biochar, eliminating waste and multiplying climate benefits.
Replicability and Technology Transfer
Our bamboo project is both replicable and highly scalable. We plan to implement advanced Israeli AgTech solutions for irrigation, soil monitoring, and precision farming to bring “BambooTech” to Africa. This technology transfer will ensure that the knowledge, tools, and innovations created in Togo can be adapted and duplicated in other African countries experiencing similar degradation issues.
Alignment with Togo’s Climate Commitments
This project is fully aligned with Togo’s climate commitments. The government has pledged to restore 43,000 hectares by 2025 and to plant one billion trees by 2030, yet lacks the capacity and investment to achieve these targets. The Togo Bamboo Project will help deliver these goals with scalable, cost-effective solutions.
Immediate and Long-Term Results
The results will be felt immediately and build over time. Restored land will stabilize food production, reduce disaster risks from floods and erosion, and increase water availability for farming. Households will gain new income streams from bamboo-based businesses, easing dependence on subsistence agriculture.
Empowering Women and Young People
Women and young people will be empowered to gain access to land, training, and leadership roles, shifting local power structures toward greater equity. Share of the profits will be shared with local communities and reinvested to accelerate impact.
Toward a New Climate Economy for Africa
The Togo Bamboo Project unites ecological restoration, climate-smart agriculture, carbon sequestration, and inclusive sustainable rural development. It is a project that can scale at pace, and can offer Togo a pathway out of vulnerability and into resilience, while building a model for how degraded and underutilized land across Africa can become the backbone of a new climate economy.
Everyone wants to restore a safe climate — one that humans have actually survived long-term. In this “pre-industrial” climate, which allowed us to develop agriculture and thriving civilizations, atmospheric CO2 never rose above 300 parts per million (ppm). Today, CO2 levels are 420 ppm. Yet now we know how to bring CO2 back down to pre-industrial levels—and could do so by 2050.
Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) appears to be the fastest, safest and most effective climate restoration solution although it was controversial for a time. OIF restores fisheries and other marine life while also reducing CO2 levels at the scale needed to restore the climate. It requires little or no public funding: instead, the process produces revenue … Read More "Mark Biondi"
Restoring the climate requires removing and storing a trillion tons of legacy CO2 by 2050. Nature has stored 99 percent of all the CO2 on earth in the form of limestone, made of calcium and CO2 by shellfish and other marine organisms.1 Nearly half carbon dioxide by weight, limestone is an ideal, permanent storage system for this greenhouse gas.
Restoring our climate will require pulling a trillion tons of legacy carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by 2050. Farming seaweed, mainly fast-growing kelp and sargassum, can help achieve climate restoration. Click to download the PDF.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that causes about 1/3 of today’s global warming. Using Enhanced Atmospheric Methane Oxidation (EAMO), we can accelerate these processes and reduce atmospheric methane to pre-industrial levels. This could rewind warming back to 2002 levels by 2050 and protect humanity from catastrophic levels of melting permafrost. Click here to download … Read More "Mark Biondi"
More and more people are realizing: Even if we reach net zero by 2050, or stay “well under” 2°C of warming, our survival will still be in serious doubt. That’s because there are already a trillion tons of CO2 in the atmosphere. This “legacy” CO2, emitted over the last 200 years, will continue to wreak havoc in our world—whether or not we decrease future emissions to near-zero.
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